What is the difference between oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios?

What is the difference between oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios?

Polyhydramnios is usually defined as an AFI of more than 24 cm or a single pocket of fluid at least 8 cm in depth that results in an amniotic fluid volume of more than 2000 mL. Oligohydramnios is ultrasonographically defined as an AFI less than 7 cm or the absence of a fluid pocket 2-3 cm in depth.

What is Oligohydramnios sequence?

The oligohydramnios sequence (OS) is manifest in newborns when prolonged oligohydramnios has been present during pregnancy. The most important signs are an infant small for gestational age, with wrinkled skin, Potter facies, compression deformities of the limbs, and respiratory distress caused by pulmonary hypoplasia.

What causes oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios?

The baby has intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) Placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. The baby is having kidney or urinary tract problems. The baby has a rare genetic disorder. The placenta is separating from the uterine wall prematurely (placental abruption)

What is the pathophysiology of polyhydramnios?

It can be assumed that polyhydramnios is caused by fetal polyuria in response to chronic overload of the recipient. In analogy to adult pathophysiology, the underlying mechanism could be an increased cardiac secretion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) from the plethoric twin.

What AFI is polyhydramnios?

An alternative way of measuring amniotic fluid is measuring the largest pocket in four specific parts of your uterus. The sum of these measurements is the amniotic fluid index (AFI). An AFI of 25 centimeters or more indicates polyhydramnios.

Which is more common oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios?

Polyhydramnios occurs in 1% of pregnancies, whereas oligohydramnios occurs in about 11% of pregnancies.

What are the signs and symptoms of oligohydramnios?

Signs and symptoms of oligohydramnios

• Leaking of the amniotic fluid.
• Low amniotic fluid on an ultrasound.
• Measurements of size smaller than what is normal for gestational age.
• Low maternal weight gain.
• Prelabor Rupture of membranes.
• Abdominal discomfort.
• Sudden drop in fetal heart rate.

What is the most common cause of polyhydramnios?

Common causes of polyhydramnios include gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies with disturbed fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, fetal infections and other, rarer causes. The diagnosis is obtained by ultrasound.

How do you control polyhydramnios?

Treatment may include:

1. Drainage of excess amniotic fluid. Your health care provider may use amniocentesis to drain excess amniotic fluid from your uterus.
2. Medication. Your health care provider may prescribe the oral medication indomethacin (Indocin) to help reduce fetal urine production and amniotic fluid volume.

What is the pathophysiology of oligohydramnios?

Oligohydramnios occurs when the amniotic fluid is < 5th centile for gestational age. The most common causes are premature rupture of membranes (often missed by the mother) and placental insufficiency, however structural abnormalities such as renal agenesis should be considered.

What is normal AFI?

A normal amniotic fluid index is 5 cm to 25 cm using the standard assessment method. Less than 5 cm is considered oligohydramnios, and greater than 25 cm is considered polyhydramnios.