What is the meaning of methylxanthines?
(mĕth″ĭl-zăn′thēn) A group of naturally occurring agents present in caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. They act on the central nervous system, stimulate the myocardium, relax smooth muscle, and promote diuresis.
What does theobromine do to your body?
According to the National Hazardous Substances Database: “It has been stated that “in large doses” theobromine may cause nausea and anorexia and that daily intake of 50-100 g cocoa (0.8-1.5 g theobromine) by humans has been associated with sweating, trembling and severe headache.” Occasionally, people (mostly the …
What is Paraxanthine used for?
Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine. It was recently demonstrated that paraxanthine significantly promoted wakefulness and proportionally reduced non-REM and REM sleep in both control and narcoleptic mice.
Where is methylxanthines found?
Methylxanthines. Methylxanthines are alkaloids that can be found in high concentrations in tea, coffee, and chocolate. Theophilline, theobromine, and caffeine are the most popular. They can be found in different concentrations in coffee, chocolate, and tea.
What products contain methylxanthines?
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) are the most well-known compounds of the family of methylxanthines and are naturally present in tea leaves, yerba mate, coffee beans, cocoa beans, kola nuts and guarana berries.
Which foods contain theobromine?
Theobromine is found in chocolate, tea and cocoa products (Graham, 1984a; Shively & Tarka, 1984; Stavric, 1988).
What foods are rich in theobromine?
Theobromine Rich Foods
- Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened, processed with alkali (2634mg)
- Cocoa, dry powder, hi-fat or breakfast, processed with alkali (2445mg)
- Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened (2057mg)
- Cocoa, dry powder, hi-fat or breakfast, plain (1763mg)
- Baking chocolate, unsweetened, liquid (1597mg)
Where is paraxanthine from?
Paraxanthine is not known to be produced by plants and is only observed in nature as a metabolite of caffeine in animals and some species of bacteria. After intake, roughly 84% of caffeine is demethylated at the 3-position to yield paraxanthine, making it the primary metabolite of caffeine in humans.
Which foods contain methylxanthines?
What foods contain xanthine?
Xanthine in the Diet. Xanthines are produced by all human cells, as well as by certain plants and animals. You can find them in coffee, tea, chocolate products and anything caffeinated because caffeine is a type of xanthine. These substances may have some health benefits, although research on this is still in the preliminary stages.
What are xanthine drugs?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are used to treat gout. They reduce the production of uric acid in the body to relieve swelling and inflammation.
What does methylxanthine mean?
Methylxanthines are a unique class of drug that are derived from the purine base xanthine. Xanthine is produced naturally by both plants and animals. The methylxanthines, theophylline , and dyphylline are used in the treatment of airways obstruction caused by conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema .