What is transcription factor family?

What is transcription factor family?

Transcription factors (TFs), which are central to the regulation of gene expression, are usually members of multigene families. In plants, they are involved in diverse processes such as developmental control and elicitation of defense and stress responses.

What is the box transcription?

A TATA box is a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded. Transcription is a process that produces an RNA molecule from a DNA sequence. The TATA box is named for its conserved DNA sequence, which is most commonly TATAAA.

What does a transcription factor do?

Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors include a wide number of proteins, excluding RNA polymerase, that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes.

What is T-Box family?

The T-box is a relatively large DNA-binding domain, generally comprising about a third of the entire protein (17-26 kDa), and individual T-box gene family members show varying degrees of homology across the domain. Specific residues within the T-box are 100% conserved in all members of the family, however.

What is the function of transcription factors?

What are the types of transcription factors?

There are two mechanistic classes of transcription factors:

• General transcription factors are involved in the formation of a preinitiation complex.
• Upstream transcription factors are proteins that bind somewhere upstream of the initiation site to stimulate or repress transcription.

How many transcription factors are there?

Approximately 1,500 transcription factors (TFs) are encoded in the mammalian genome1 and constitute the second largest gene family, with the immunoglobulin superfamily being the largest.

Is foxo a transcription factor?

FOXO proteins are a subgroup of the Forkhead family of transcription factors. This family is characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain (the ‘Forkhead box’, or FOX) and comprises more than 100 members in humans, classified from FOXA to FOXR on the basis of sequence similarity.

What is the forkhead box?

Forkhead transcription factors all share a conserved DNA binding domain (DBD) of 100 amino acids that folds into a winged helix structure termed the Forkhead box.

What do all forkhead transcription factors have in common?

All forkhead transcription factors share a highly conserved forkhead DNA-binding domain (FHD) which binds to conserved sequences in the target genes. The FHD region can be localized to the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal positions.

What is the forkhead family?

The Forkhead family is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, and in humans comprises around 30 members that have been divided into 17 subgroups (FOX for “Forkhead box” A to Q) [1]. FOX transcriptional regulators play a wide range of roles during development, from organogenesis (FOXC) [2] to language and speech acquisition (FOXP) [3].

What is the structural homology of forkhead/winged helix transcription factors?

Schematically shown is the structural homology and functional protein domains of the six lung Forkhead/winged helix (FOX) transcription factors. Percent amino acid homology in DNA binding domains (shown with green) is presented relative to FOXA1 protein. FOX DNA binding domains contain the nuclear localization signal.