Which cell line is used for viruses?
The most important cell lines widely used for viral diagnosis are primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (RhMK), primary rabbit kidney cells, MRC-5, human foreskin fibroblasts, HEp-2, and A549.
Which type of cell is suitable for vaccine preparation?
Table 2
| Cell origin | Cell line name | Type of vaccines |
|---|---|---|
| Primary muscovy | AGE1.CR | Propagation of attenuated MVA |
| duck cells | AGE1.CA | |
| (retina (CR), somite (CS) and amnion membrane (CA)) | AGE1.CS | Propagation of other viruses has also been demonstrated |
| CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells) | CHO‐HBsAg | Hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg |
What is the first vaccine developed from animal cell culture?
The production of virus-based vaccines in large-scale cultures of animal cells in the early 1950s was the first industrial application of animal cell culture technology. Examples of human vaccines produced in animal cells include the ones against measles, mumps, and rubella.
What is the difference between primary cells and cell lines?
Primary cell culture is the culture of cells directly isolated from parental tissue of interest; whereas cell line is the culture of cells originated from a primary cell culture, which is generally used to expand cell population and prolong life span.
How do viruses propagate?
To multiply, a virus has to enter a living cell. Thereafter, the viral genome is released from the capsid, and interacts with the host cell in order to replicate and to produce viral proteins.
What is Vero cell line?
Vero is a kidney epithetical cell line derived from an African Green Monkey. Vero gets its name from a derivation of green kidney- Verda Reno. Since they are derived from normal kidney cells and not immortal cells like HeLa, Vero cells retain the attributes of normal cells, notably cell contact inhibition.
Why are Vero cells often an excellent cell line for growing viruses?
Vero E6 cells show some contact inhibition, so are suitable for propagating viruses that replicate slowly.
Can virus be cultured in synthetic medium?
Isolation of Viruses Unlike bacteria, many of which can be grown on an artificial nutrient medium, viruses require a living host cell for replication. Infected host cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) can be cultured and grown, and then the growth medium can be harvested as a source of virus.
Can virus be cultured in artificial or synthetic medium?
No virus can be grown on an artificial culture medium as there is no living cell present.
What is the difference between primary cell lines and secondary cell lines?
The key difference between primary and secondary cell culture is that cells for primary cell culture are obtained directly from an animal or plant tissue, while cells for secondary cell culture are obtained from an already established primary culture.
What is the difference between a primary cell line and a continuous cell line?
Primary cells have a finite life span i.e. they divide only limited number of times. Cell lines have longer life span and they can be passaged indefinitely.
How do you multiply viruses?
Viruses cannot replicate on their own, but rather depend on their host cell’s protein synthesis pathways to reproduce. This typically occurs by the virus inserting its genetic material in host cells, co-opting the proteins to create viral replicates, until the cell bursts from the high volume of new viral particles.
What are tumorigenic cell lines?
In some cases the cell lines that are used might be tumorigenic, that is, they form tumors when injected into rodents. Some of these tumor-forming cell lines may contain cancer-causing viruses that are not actively reproducing.
Why are Madin-Darby canine kidney cells used for influenza virus isolation?
Because of their high susceptibility to infection with various influenza virus strains, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have been widely used as a substrate for influenza virus isolation and vaccine production.
How can we address retrovirus concerns in biologics?
In vitro and in vivo investigations to address retrovirus concerns in biologics. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are highly prevalent in all nonhuman primates (NHPs) and can infect humans by cross-species transmission. Although there is no evidence yet of disease with SFV, infectious virus persists in the host DNA.
What are designer cell lines?
These designer cell lines were specifically developed as a cell substrate for one application and are well characterized. Later screening for other possible applications widened the product range. These cells grow in suspension in chemically defined media under controlled conditions and can be used for up to 100 passages.