Which genes are housekeeping?
Table with important Housekeeping Genes
| Gene | Gene symbol | Human |
|---|---|---|
| Actin, beta | ACTB | Human ACTB |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | GAPDH | Human GAPDH |
| Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 | PGK1 | Human PGK1 |
| Peptidylprolyl isomerase A | PPIA | Human PPIA |
Is 16S a housekeeping gene?
Bacterial Pathogens Housekeeping genes are essential, are found by definition in all bacteria, and evolve more rapidly than 16S rRNA genes. They are thus more discriminating regions. Some pathogens have been extensively studied in this fashion, but many others have not.
Is 18S a housekeeping gene?
In conclusion, 18S rRNA was the most stable housekeeping gene and hence superior for normalization in comparative analyses of mRNA expression levels in human T lymphocytes.
What is GAPDH housekeeping gene?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is one of the most commonly used housekeeping genes used in comparisons of gene expression data. These data establish comparative levels of expression and can be used to add value to gene expression data in which GAPDH is used as the internal control.
Is beta actin a housekeeping gene?
β-Actin, a cytoskeletal protein, and GAPDH, an enzyme of glycolysis, are the two most widely used housekeeping genes,1 on the basis of rather anecdotal evidence of their consistency of expression.
Is insulin a housekeeping gene?
The first exon of the insulin receptor gene is embedded in an unusual segment of DNA composed of Alu repeats. The promoter has the characteristics typical of a housekeeping gene. It is GC-rich and has multiple start sites of transcription.
Why is 18S used in PCR?
We recommend using 18S rRNA as an internal control in relative RT-PCR because it shows less variance in expression across a variety of treatment conditions than β-actin and GAPDH. However, because 18S rRNA is so abundant, it amplifies rapidly during RT-PCR, quickly exhausting the reaction reagents.
Is GAPDH a good housekeeping gene?
GAPDH is a popular housekeeping standard used in gene expression studies. Therefore, the variable expression in these different cell types may result in GAPDH serving as a poor reference gene. The genomes of the most popular model organisms contain many GAPDH pseudogenes—60 in human, 285 in mouse, and 329 in rat [4].
What is the HSP90AB1 gene?
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta also called HSP90beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSP90AB1 gene. HSP90AB1 is a molecular chaperone. Chaperones are proteins that bind to other proteins, thereby stabilizing them in an ATP -dependent manner.
What is the function of Hsp90 protein?
HSP90 proteins, named according to the 90-kDa average molecular mass of their members, are highly conserved molecular chaperones that account for 1–2% of all cellular proteins in most cells under non-stress conditions [1]. HSP90 proteins have key roles in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphological evolution.
What is Murine HSP90AB1?
Murine HSP90AB1 was cloned in 1987 based on homology of the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster gene. HSP90AB1 is active as homodimer, forming a V-shaped structure. It consists of three major domains: C-terminal domain (CTD) which is the dimerization domain (base of the V).
How many genes are in the human Hsp90 family?
Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that the human HSP90 family includes 17 genes that fall into four classes. A standardized nomenclature for each of these genes is presented here.