Why was Article 238 removed?

Why was Article 238 removed?

First of all lets understand that the article 238 of Indian Constitution was repealed in 1956 after the “part B” states were removed and were included as ‘states’ after the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956. Jammu and Kashmir although a Part-B state then was given a special status under article 370.

Is Kashmir legally part of India?

India controls approximately 55% of the land area of the region that includes Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, most of Ladakh, the Siachen Glacier, and 70% of its population; Pakistan controls approximately 35% of the land area that includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan; and China controls the remaining 20% of the land …

How many union territories are there in India now 2020?

8 union territories

Is Jammu and Kashmir a union territory now?

The state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded special status by Article 370 of the Constitution of India. At the same time, a reorganisation act was also passed, which would reconstitute the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The reorganisation took effect from 31 October 2019.

How do the states affect the amendment process?

Congress must call a convention for proposing amendments upon application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states (i.e., 34 of 50 states). Amendments proposed by Congress or convention become valid only when ratified by the legislatures of, or conventions in, three-fourths of the states (i.e., 38 of 50 states).

How does the president affect the formal amendment process?

Since the President does not have a constitutional role in the amendment process, the joint resolution does not go to the White House for signature or approval. The Governors then formally submit the amendment to their State legislatures or the state calls for a convention, depending on what Congress has specified.

Who drafted Article 370?

Ayyangar was the chief drafter of Article 370 which granted local autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

What in the Constitution Cannot be amended?

The two things that couldn’t be amended until 1808 were slavery-related (although the Framers, as they did on all of the many slavery-related references in the Constitution, managed to slip them in there without mentioning the S-word).

Who removed Article 370?

On 5 August 2019, Home Minister Amit Shah announced in the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Indian Parliament) that the President of India had issued The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 (C.O. 272) under Article 370, superseding the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954.

Is Kashmir a state or union territory?

At the same time, the parliament also passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which contained provisions that dissolved the state of Jammu and Kashmir and established two new union territories: the eponymous union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and that of Ladakh.

Do Executive orders have the force of law?

Executive Orders state mandatory requirements for the Executive Branch, and have the effect of law. They are issued in relation to a law passed by Congress or based on powers granted to the President in the Constitution and must be consistent with those authorities. Executive Orders may amend earlier orders.

Which constitution can be amended easily?

In case the amendment is easy, it is called Flexible Constitution and in case the amendment is difficult, it is called the Rigid Constitution. A Flexible Constitution is regarded as unwritten or uncodified. It is easily amended without the use of special procedures.

Why is Kashmir so cold?

Kashmir is currently under the grip of ‘Chillai-Kalan’ — the 40-day harshest winter period when a cold wave grips the region and the temperature drops considerably leading to the freezing of water bodies including the Dal Lake here as well as the water supply lines in several parts of the valley.

What is India’s 2020 Union territory?

Union Territories of India

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
• Chandigarh.
• Lakshadweep.
• Puducherry.
• Delhi.
• Ladakh.
• Jammu and Kashmir.

Which constitution is one which Cannot be amended easily?

Answer. An US constitution is one which connot be amended easily.