What is Bongkrekic acid used for?
Bongkrekic acid (BKA) is an inhibitor of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). Since inhibition of ANT is connected to the inhibition of cytochrome c release from mitochondria, which then results in the suppression of apoptosis, it has been used as a tool for the mechanistic investigation of apoptosis.
What causes Bongkrekic acid poisoning?
Bongkrekic acid (BA) poisoning can be caused by eating spoiled or fermented foods contaminated with pseudomonas cocovenenans.
Is fermented coconut poisonous?
It is highly toxic because the compound inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, also called the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, preventing ATP from leaving the mitochondria to provide metabolic energy to the rest of the cell.
How do you prevent Bongkrekic acid?
To prevent bongkrekic acid poisoning, black fungus should be kept in the refrigerator if overnight soaking is needed. All utensils and surfaces which will come into contact with food should be cleaned thoroughly before food preparation.
How does Bongkrekic acid affect the body?
Bongkrekic acid is a deadly poison that is found in fermented food including wet noodles and presscake from China, Indonesia, and Mozambique. Bongkrekic acid attacks the mitochondria and can cause liver failure, kidney injury, and death.
What foods contain Bongkrekic acid?
Bongkrekic acid is typically found in Tempeh Bongkrek, a coconut-based fermented product that is popular in Southeast Asia – this is how the toxin got its name. Besides fermented coconut and corn based products, B. cocovenenans may also be found in snow fungus and black fungus.
How common is Bongkrekic acid poisoning?
Bongkrekic acid is not a common poison in the US, and you are most likely to be exposed to this dangerous toxin when traveling abroad. Avoidance of fermented foods, including presscake, wet rice noodles, and locally brewed alcohol can reduce your exposure to this dangerous poison.
What foods contain bongkrekic acid?
How do you treat bongkrekic acid poisoning?
There is no antidote for bongkrekic acid poisoning. Treatment involves supportive care in a hospital, and many cases will require treatment in an intensive care unit. The best way to prevent this poisoning is to avoid consumption of fermented food products.
Where is Bongkrekic acid from?
Bongkrekic acid is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans (B. cocovenenans) which has been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut- and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.
How do you treat Bongkrekic acid poisoning?
What causes bongkrekic acid poisoning?
Bongkrekic acid (BA) poisoning can be caused by eating spoiled or fermented foods contaminated with pseudomonas cocovenenans. Although some in vitro studies have been reported on the use of purified BA to interfere with cell metabolism, few clinical or pathological data of BA poisoning on human due …
What is bongkrekic acid made of?
Bongkrekic acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group.
Why is tempe bongkrèk banned in Indonesia?
It has been implicated in deaths resulting from eating the coconut-based product known as tempe bongkrèk, which is banned in Indonesia. It was also responsible for 75 deaths and over 200 hospitalizations due to contaminated beer in a Mozambique funeral.