How do you mitigate glacier lake outburst?
The most important mitigation measure for reducing GLOF risk is to reduce the volume of water in the lake in order to reduce the peak surge discharge. Downstream in the GLOF prone area, measures should be taken to protect infrastructure against the destructive forces of the GLOF surge.
What is a glacial outburst flood called?
Glacier outburst floods, or jökulhlaups, can be spectacular or even catastrophic. These happen when drainage within a glacier is blocked by internal plastic flow and water is stored in or behind the glacier.
What does glacier lake outburst flood mean?
A Glacial Lake Outburst Flood, or GLOF, is sudden release of water from a lake fed by glacier melt that has formed at the side, in front, within, beneath, or on the surface of a glacier.
What are the consequences of a GLOF?
Conclusion. Although GLOFs are low-frequency events, resulting disasters have caused enormous loss and damage to lives, livestock, property, infrastructure, and the environment in downstream regions. In China, the middle-eastern Himalayas and Nyainqêntanglha are two areas highly prone to GLOF disasters.
What is a glacial lake outburst flood What are the possible reasons for its burst and suggest solutions to tackle it?
This flooding occurs because when glaciers melt, they accumulate behind moraine dams or glacial dams. When such natural dams break upon pressure from accumulating water, the water gushes down in a powerful flow due to the build-up.
What happens when glacier burst?
Cascades of glacier bursts, cloudbursts, heavy rainfall and subsequent landslides are becoming more frequent and complex. The breaking of the Nanda Devi glacier triggered a landslide, avalanche, deluge, and flash floods in the intricately linked tributaries of the Ganga river.
How does glacial lake outburst occur?
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) occur from an unstable natural dam formed from a glacial retreat. Glaciers are large bodies of ice moving slowly. So, when a glacier retreats, it leaves behind a large impression in the ground, filling it with water and a lake is formed.
Is NDMA a statutory body?
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), is the apex statutory body for Disaster Management in India. It was constituted on 27th September 2006, under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. NDMA is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management.
Where does glacier flood occur?
Abstract Severe floods caused by glacier outburst have been frequent in the Nepal Himalayas, occurring more than every three years over the approximately thirty years since the 1960s.
How glaciers can burst and send floods downstream?
Proglacial lakes, formed after glaciers retreat, are often bound by sediment and boulder formations. Additional water or pressure, or structural weakness, can cause both natural and manmade dams to burst, sending a mass of floodwater surging down the rivers and streams fed by the glacier.
Who is the head of NDMA?
National Disaster Management Authority (India)
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | NDMA Bhavan, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi |
| Annual budget | ₹3.56 billion (US$47 million) (Planned, 2013–14) |
| Agency executive | Narendra Modi, Prime Minister |
| Parent department | Ministry of Home Affairs |
Who spearheads NDMA?
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister of India, is the apex body for Disaster Management in India.