How is TTKG calculated?

How is TTKG calculated?

Calculation of the TTKG requires that urine Na+ be >25 mEq/L so that sodium delivery to principal cells is not rate limiting for K+ secretion. This value is twice the concentration required for half-maximal rates of K+ secretion in the rat distal nephron.

How do you calculate K excretion?

V. Formula

1. FEK = (Potassium Excretion x 100)/(total filtered load) Potassium (K+) Excretion = (Urine K++) / (Serum K++) Total Load = (Urine Creatinine) / (Serum Creatinine)
2. FEK = (uK x sCr x 100) / (sK x uCr)

What is a normal TTKG?

A normal TTKG in normal subjects on normal diets is 8-9. With a potassium load the TTKG may rise to 11. In the face of Hyperkalemia, a low TTKG (<7) may indicate hypoaldosteronism. Without other disease, hypokalemia should produce a TTKG <3.

What is TTKG test?

The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) of the kidneys. It is useful in diagnosing the causes of hyperkalemia or hypokalemia.

How do you calculate serum osmolality?

The equation: Posm =2 [Na(+)]+glucose (mg/dL)/18+BUN (mg/dL)//2.8 is also the simplest and best formula to calculate plasma osmolality. The concentration of only effective osmoles evaluates effective osmolality or tonicity as: Eosm =2 [Na(+)]+glucose/18.

Where is H+ secreted in kidney?

Secretion of hydrogen in its free, ionized form (H+) occurs in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts. As mentioned, secretion of H+ occurs in conjunction with novel generation of bicarbonate which is subsequently added to the extracellular fluid.

What is pseudo hypo aldosteronism?

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders of electrolyte metabolism characterized by an apparent state of renal tubular unresponsiveness or resistance to the action of aldosterone. It is manifested by hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

What is potassium creatinine ratio?

Measurement of urinary creatinine concentration concurrent with urinary potassium concentration can provide a better measure of actual potassium excretion rate. A potassium-to-creatinine ratio greater than 20 mEq/g has been suggested to indicate the presence of renal potassium wasting (93).

How do you calculate Osmol?

Multiply the number of particles produced from dissolving the solution in water by the molarity to find the osmolarity (osmol). For instance, if your have a 1 mol solution of MgCl2: 1 x 3 = 3 osmol. Repeat multiplying the molarity by the number of particles for the other solution to find the osmolarity.

What is the TTKG formula?

The transtubular potassium gradient formula is based on urine and plasma determinations: TTKG = (Urine K x Plasma osm) / (Plasma K x Urine osm) The normal TTKG values range between 8 and 9 in healthy patients with a normal diet. 1. TTKG calculator.

What is this transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) calculator?

This transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) calculator is based on the kidney index helping in the differential diagnosis of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. You can find more information on the TTKG index results and the variables involved in the text placed under the form. How does this transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) calculator work?

How is TTKG used to diagnose hyperkalemia?

By comparing the K concentration in the kidney ducts with that from the peritubular capillaries, TTKG can help with the differential diagnosis of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. The transtubular potassium gradient formula is based on urine and plasma determinations: TTKG = (Urine K x Plasma osm) / (Plasma K x Urine osm)

What is the normal range of TTKG?

Notes The transtubular potassium gradient in the cortical collecting duct is an index reflecting conservation of potassium. A normal TTKG in normal subjects on normal diets is 8-9. With a potassium load the TTKG may rise to 11.