What are rap lesions?
RAP lesions can be identified best in the mid or late phases of the ICG angiogram. They are focal areas of hyperfluorescence, so-called “hot-spots,” which increase in intensity as the ICG dye leaks into the surrounding intraretinal and subretinal spaces.
What is retinal angiomatous proliferation?
Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), also referred to as type 3 neovascularization, is a distinct variant of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by intraretinal neovascularization (IRN) with connections to either the retinal vasculature, the choroidal vasculature, or both [1].
What is CNV eye disease?
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) involves the growth of new blood vessels that originate from the choroid through a break in the Bruch membrane into the sub–retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) or subretinal space. CNV is a major cause of visual loss.
What is rap Ophthalmology?
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) was described by Yannuzzi and co-workers as a distinct form of neovascular Age-Related Degeneration (AMD).
What is a Disciform scar?
Disciform scars form the stage of exudative AMD in which the retinal tissue is replaced by scar tissue (usually vascular). Disciform scars develop with regression of subretinal hemorrhages and retinal edema and hyperplasic elements of the RPE.
Is CNV curable?
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the medical term for growth of new blood vessels beneath the eye’s retina (subretinal). It can be painless, but can lead to macular degeneration, a major cause of vision loss. This condition may respond to treatment, while being incurable.
How is retinal neovascularization treated?
Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization Most patients with these diseases benefit from injection into the eye of anti-VEGF drugs, such as brolucizumab (Beovu®), aflibercept (Eylea®), or ranibizumab (Lucentis®), since VEGF promotes the CNV growth and leakage in most cases.
Why is it called Best disease?
Best disease is a genetic condition. This means that it is caused by a “faulty” gene which may be inherited from a parent or occur as a new fault in the gene. Best disease can be caused by a fault in a gene known as BEST1 (also known as VMD2).
What are the ocular lesions associated with familial adenomatous polyposis?
Ocular lesions associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and congenital grouped pigmentation commonly known referred to as “bear tracks” are often seen by ophthalmologists and do not indicate a greater risk of developing intestinal cancer (1).
What is retinal angiomatous proliferation (rap)?
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) was described by Yannuzzi and co-workers as a distinct form of neovascular Age-Related Degeneration (AMD).
What do you know about polyposis syndromes?
The polyposis syndromes are rare but fascinating conditions. A thorough knowledge of the clinical and radiographic manifestations of these syndromes and their complications is required to provide optimal care for affected individuals and their families. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome
What is the pathophysiology of retinal-choroidal anastomosis (rap)?
RAP was described as neovascularization that starts at the retina and progresses posteriorly into sub retinal space. It was believed to eventually reach the choroidal circulation and form a retinal-choroidal anastomosis. There has been some controversy on whether neovascularization arises from the retina or from the choroid.