What does chorangiosis mean?
Chorangiosis is a vascular change involving the terminal chorionic villi in the placenta. It results from longstanding, low-grade hypoxia in the placental tissue, and is associated with such conditions as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes, and gestational hypertension in pregnancy.
What is the purpose of the placenta?
The placenta is an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from your baby’s blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of your uterus, and your baby’s umbilical cord arises from it.
What is maternal vascular Malperfusion?
Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) of the placental bed represents a recognizable pattern of placental injury related to altered uterine and intervillous blood flow.
What is chronic Villitis?
Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), also known as chronic villitis, is a placental injury. VUE is an inflammatory condition involving the chorionic villi (placental villi). VUE is a recurrent condition and can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
What is Decidual Arteriopathy?
Hypertrophic decidual arteriopathy: Small arteries with thickened walls, swollen endothelial cells that detach into the lumen and a sparse collection of perivascular lymphocytes.
What is Tenney Parker change?
Tenney Parker Changes (TPC) are the major marker of maternovascular perfusion insufficiency. They are characterized by syncytial knot increase and villus clustering. Syncytial knot is a marked clustering of the syncytial nuclei under the light microscope.
What are the 3 main functions of the placenta?
The placenta serves three main functions:
- Attach the fetus to the uterine wall.
- Provide nutrients to the fetus.
- Allow the fetus to transfer waste products to the mother’s blood.
What is the significance of amniotic fluid?
Amniotic fluid is responsible for: Protecting the fetus: The fluid cushions the baby from outside pressures, acting as a shock absorber. Temperature control: The fluid insulates the baby, keeping it warm and maintaining a regular temperature. Infection control: The amniotic fluid contains antibodies.
What causes fetal vascular Malperfusion?
The most common etiology of malperfusion is umbilical cord obstruction leading to stasis, ischemia, and in some cases thrombosis. Other contributing factors may include maternal diabetes, fetal cardiac insufficiency or hyperviscosity, and inherited or acquired thrombophilias.
What is maternal vasculopathy?
Highlights. • Decidual vasculopathy are lesions of maternal spiral arteries consisting of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis and foam cells, which are present in about half of the woman with preeclampsia. • Decidual vasculopathy is underestimated with current protocols of placental analysis.
What causes Villitis?
Villitis is associated with placental infections and therefore should be considered when any of the following conditions are present: CMV, chorioamnionitis, candida, HSV, group B streptococcus, group A streptococcus, syphilis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydia.
What is avascular villi placenta?
Abstract. Thrombosis of large fetal vessels in the placenta leads to regions of downstream avascular villi (AV). Avascular villi have been associated with adverse outcomes in anecdotal reports, but no controlled study of their significance has been done.
What is the prognosis of Chorangiosis?
Chorangiosis without those patterns portends minimal risk for the pregnancy, and is associated with significantly fewer pregnancy risk factors, abnormal outcomes, and other placental abnormalities.Conclusions.—
Is Chorangiosis associated with low-grade hypoxia?
Chorangiosis has been regarded as a result of low-grade placental hypoxia associated with pregnancy risk factors and abnormal outcomes. It is unknown whether these are a consequence of chorangiosis itself or of associated other placental pathology.Context.—
Where did the term Chorangiosis come from?
Chorangiosis has become an accepted name for a pathological observation that in some form certainly exists. An earlier paper by Caldwell et. al. attributes what seem to be the first English use of the term, chorangiosis, to a personal communication with Dr. Shirley Driscoll [ 2 ].
What is the association between Chorangiosis and cesarean section?
If focal chorangiosis accompanies such avascular villi this might explain the association with Cesarean section if they were performed for fetal distress. Some have found cases of chorangiosis with umbilical cord abnormalities, for example tight nuchal cord [ 14 ].