What is CD40 signaling?
CD40, a TNFR (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor) family member, conveys signals regulating diverse cellular responses, ranging from proliferation and differentiation to growth suppression and cell death. Unique to particular types of cells, CD40 engagement sets in motion a pattern of gene expression. …
What happens when CD40 binds to CD40L?
CD40L/CD40 expression is known to be up-regulated in atheroma-associated cells. CD40L/CD40 interactions activate these cells by promoting the expression of molecules thought to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, such as adhesion molecules, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue factor.
How is CD40 activated?
In the macrophage, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD40L (CD154) on the Th1 cell which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface which helps increase the level of activation.
What happens when CD40 is stimulated?
These results could be interpreted in three ways: long-term CD40 stimulation allows the expansion and differentiation of both memory and naive cells with or without isotype switching or no expansion of memory cells but expansion, differentiation, and isotype switching by naive cells.
What is the role of CD40 CD40L?
CD40L mediates a range of activities on B cells, including induction of activation-associated surface antigen, entry into cell cycle, isotype switching, Ig secretion, and memory generation. CD40–CD40L interaction also plays important roles in monocyte activation and DC maturation.
What are CD40 immune cells?
CD40 is known to be expressed on additional hematopoietic cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) where it promotes cell survival and cytokine production [10] and can also signal to induce activation, proliferation and cytokine production from CD40L expressing CD4+ T cells [11].
What is anti CD40?
CD40 is an immune costimulatory receptor expressed by antigen-presenting cells. Agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies have demonstrated considerable antitumor effects yet can also elicit serious treatment-related adverse events, such as liver toxicity, including in man.
Is CD40 a receptor?
Because of its essential role in immunity, one of the best characterized of the costimulatory molecules is the receptor CD40. This receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is expressed by B cells, professional antigen-presenting cells, as well as non-immune cells and tumors.
Is CD40 constitutively expressed?
CD40 is constitutively expressed on platelets and provides a novel mechanism for platelet activation. Circ Res.
Why does a patient with CD40L deficiency have no germinal centers within the lymph node 2 )?
Lymph nodes of patients with CD40L deficiency lack germinal centers, attributed to ineffective CD40L/CD40 interaction in the extrafollicular areas, resulting in poor recruitment of germinal center precursors (21).
What does CD40 stand for?
Cluster of differentiation 40
Introduction. Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 (also known TNFRSF5, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5.) is a costimulatory protein and expresses on antigen presenting cells (APC).
What is a CD40 agonist?
CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma.
CD40 stands for Cluster of Differentiation 40 (glycoprotein)
What does CD40 ligand mean?
CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, is a protein that is primarily expressed on the surface of activated T cells and belongs to a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Lack of CD40L results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and only class IgM antibodies can be generated.
Which cells have the CD40 ligand?
CD40 ligand is expressed on T cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Its receptor, CD40, is expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells (van Kooten & Banchereau).