What is CK20 and CDX2?
Both the CK7-/CK20+ phenotype and expression of the antibody CDX2 are highly specific and sensitive markers of colorectal origin. CDX2 expression should be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of intestinal adenocarcinomas, particularly when better established markers such as CK7 and CK20 yield equivocal results.
What does CDX2 do?
The CDX2 protein is a homeobox transcription factor expressed in the nuclei of intestinal epithelial cells, playing an essential role in the development and function of the digestive system.
What does CDX2 stand for?
Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor with potential prognostic and predictive effect, but the importance in mCRC has not been fully investigated.
What is p40 positive?
P40, an isoform of p63 (deltaNp63), is a highly sensitive and specific marker of SCC. In previous reports, both the sensitivity and specificity of p40 for diagnosing pulmonary SCC have been almost 100%. 3-5 Thus, p40 is known as the best marker of this cancer.
What does TTF-1 positive mean?
TTF-1 plays a key role in morphogenesis of the lungs[1] and is expressed in up to 90% of pulmonary small cell carcinoma[2]. This explains why this marker is frequently used to search for the primary origin of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours.
What is CDX2 marker?
CDX2 is a marker of intestinal differentiation and stains the nuclei of about 90% of colorectal adenocarcinomas, but the range of tumor positivity in the literature is variable, from 72% to 100%.
What is p40 negative?
Based on a literature review, a case with negative p40 is less likely to be squamous cell carcinoma. A study by Tacha et al. [12] described six cases of poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma (5.6%) that were negative for p40; subsequent staining with other squamous markers were also negative.
What CK20 negative?
For example, a CK7-negative/CK20-positive phenotype is often associated with carcinomas of colorectal origin, whereas a CK7-positive/CK20-negative phenotype is seen in a wide variety of carcinomas, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, thyroid, pancreas, and female genital tract.