What is DMSO in bone marrow transplant?
The procedure of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (autoPBSCT) requires cryopreservation of cells in a mixture containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO is necessary to secure cell viability, however, its infusion may be toxic to stem cell recipient.
How does DMSO work as a cryoprotectant?
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is a polar, aprotic organic solvent that is commonly used as a cryoprotectant because of its membrane penetrating and water displacement properties. It is added to cell culture media to reduce ice formation and thereby prevent cell death during the freezing process.
What are complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a recognized treatment for hematological diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma, certain solid organ tumors, and a limited number of immunologic disorders. The major risks associated with this procedure are infections and development of graft-vs-host disease.
How are stem cells frozen?
In controlled rate freezing, the concentrated stem cells are frozen down at a rate of 1–2°C/min up to a temperature point of about −40°C. Then, the freezing process down to a target of −120°C is performed at a faster pace, about 3–5°C/min.
Is DMSO a good Cryoprotectant?
DMSO is the most commonly used cryoprotectant for HPC products at concentrations up to 10% to reduce intracellular ice formation and osmotic stress during freezing.
Is Cryoprotectant toxic?
High levels of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs) can eliminate ice formation during cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs to cryogenic temperatures. But CPAs become increasingly toxic as concentration increases.
Does DMSO have side effects?
Some side effects of taking DMSO include skin reactions, dry skin, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, breathing problems, and allergic reactions. DMSO also causes a garlic-like taste and breath and body odor.
Which one of the following is a frequent complication of HSC transplantation?
During the late posttransplant phase (> 100 days), allogeneic HSCT recipients are at risk for CMV, community-acquired respiratory virus, and encapsulated bacterial infections.
What are the downsides of using allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant?
The graft may fail to grow or be rejected in the patient resulting in bone marrow failure with the absence of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet production. This results in infection, anemia and bleeding.