What is the lateral pressure of the earth?
The coefficient of lateral earth pressure, K, is defined as the ratio of the horizontal effective stress, σ’h, to the vertical effective stress, σ’v. The effective stress is the intergranular stress calculated by subtracting the pore pressure from the total stress as described in soil mechanics.
What is a lateral pressure?
Lateral Pressure refers to any tendency (or propensity) of individuals and societies to expand their activities and exert influence and control beyond their established boundaries, whether for economic, political, military, scientific, religious, or other purposes.
What are the different types of lateral earth pressure?
These three basic types of lateral earth pressures are discussed below:
- Active Earth Pressure:
- Passive Earth Pressure:
- Earth Pressure at Rest:
- Derivation of Expression for Earth Pressure at Rest:
What is passive lateral earth pressure?
Passive Earth Pressure is the pressure that is trying to keep the structure in place. The soil inducing the Passive pressure is under compression. The passive pressure is typically higher than the active pressure, with values in the 2 to 5 range.
What are the factors affecting lateral earth pressure?
The magnitude of lateral earth pressure depends on:
- Shear strength characteristics of soil.
- Lateral strain condition.
- Pore water pressure.
- State of Equilibrium of soil.
- Wall and ground surface shape.
What is lateral earth pressure at rest?
Under conditions where there is no lateral strain within the ground mass, the value of the lateral soil pressure is commonly called the lateral earth pressure at rest (K0). Sometimes it is also defined as the neutral lateral earth pressure or the lateral earth pressure at consolidated equilibrium.
What is lateral pressure in construction?
The lateral pressure is equal to the concrete’s unit weight times the depth or fluid or plastic concrete.
What is the difference between active and passive lateral earth pressure?
Active pressure is the condition in which the earth exerts a force on a retaining system and the members tend to move toward the excavation. Passive pressure is a condition in which the retaining system exerts a force on the soil.
What is difference between active and passive earth pressure?
What is earth pressure at rest?
The coefficient of earth pressure at rest is defined as the ratio between the horizontal and vertical effective stresses. Thus, it is a parameter that expresses the natural state acting on the soil. Nhut and Adel [3] carried out tests for the determination of K0 of a collapsible soil formed by kaolin and sand.
What is active earth pressure and passive earth pressure?
Active earth pressure is the earth pressure when the wall retaining the soil moves away from backfill. Because of the movement of wall soil mass adjacent to the retaining wall tends to break away from remaining soil mass. Passive earth pressure is the earth pressure exerted when the wall moves towards the backfill.
What is earth pressure theory?
1 Rankine’s Earth Pressure Theory The Rankine’s theory assumes that there is no wall friction , the ground and failure surfaces are straight planes, and that the resultant force acts parallel to the backfill slope. In case of retaining structures, the earth retained may be filled up earth or natural soil.