What is the role of syndecan?
Syndecans are thought to function predominantly as coreceptors for other receptors such as integrins, members of the fibroblast growth factor family, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and transforming growth factor β, which need heparin sulfate for signaling.
Where is syndecan found?
Syndecan 2 is highly expressed in endothelial, neural, and fibroblastic cells, whereas it has low expression levels in epithelial cells. It is specific to tissues such as the liver, endothelia and fibroblasts. Syndecan 3 is highly expressed in neural cells, but has low or undetectable amount in epithelial cells.
How many exons do the syndecan have?
Gene Structure and Its Transcription The syndecan gene was first cloned from mouse mammary epithelial cells and is localized on chromosome 2p23-24-2p24. 1. It consists of five exons and four introns of which the first intron is larger as compared to others.
Is Aggrecan a gag?
Almost 90% of aggrecan mass is comprised of substituted GAG chains which are mostly chondroitin sulfate chains, but also include keratan sulfate chains with N- and O-linked oligosaccharides.
What are proteoglycans examples?
Proteoglycans are a component of the extracellular matrix of animals. Examples of proteoglycans are versican (a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan), perlecan, neurocan, aggrecan, brevican, fibromodulin, and lumican. See also: glycosaminoglycan.
Where is proteoglycan found in the body?
extracellular matrix
Proteoglycans are found in the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane of cells, and intracellular structures. Matrix proteoglycans such as perlecan, collagen XVIII, and agrin are found in the basal laminal of cells, and decorin, biglycan, and versican are found in the interstitial spaces of the lungs.
What is Syndecan 3 1 1 1?
3.1.1 Syndecans. The syndecan receptor family is a class of transmembrane HSPGs with four family members, syndecans-1–4. Syndecan-2–3 are prominently expressed in the brain (Carey et al., 1997), where they play important roles in neuronal development and dendritic spine formation and structure (Ethell et al., 2001).
What is a syndecan protein?
Syndecans are type I transmembrane proteins that comprise a major family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) [28]. Syndecans are present on the surface of various adherent and non-adherent cells, and their domains interact with various soluble and insoluble factors in the ECM [28,29].
What is the major gag of the syndecan family?
HS is the major GAG of all the members of the syndecan family, but syndecan-1 and -4 also bear CS, at least in certain experimental systems. 59,60 Cells sometimes synthesize two or more syndecan species simultaneously.
What is the relationship between Syndecans 1 and 4 in breast cancer?
There was a statistical relationship between syndecan-1 presence in high-grade tumors and absence of syndecan-4, whereas syndecan-4 presence in cases positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor associated with syndecan-1 absence. These syndecans may, therefore, have distinct roles in regulating breast carcinoma cell behavior.