What is Ureterovesical reflux?

Vesicoureteral (ves-ih-koe-yoo-REE-tur-ul) reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from your bladder back up the tubes (ureters) that connect your kidneys to your bladder. Normally, urine flows from your kidneys through the ureters down to your bladder.

What prevents retrograde flow of urine?

Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a 1-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow.

What is the Vesicoureteric Junction?

The vesicoureteric junction (VUJ), also known as the ureterovesicular junction (UVJ) is the most distal portion of the ureter, at the point where it connects to the urinary bladder.

What is the most common cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction?

Most of the time, the blockage is caused when the connection between the ureter and the renal pelvis narrows. This causes urine to build up, damaging the kidney. The condition can also be caused when a blood vessel is located in the wrong position over the ureter.

What causes urine to flow from the kidney to the bladder?

From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys.

How is VUJ calculus treated?

About – Generally stone bigger in size cannot pass through vesico ureteric junction and it obstructs the flow of urine. Treatment – This can be treated using Ureterorenoscopy, which is an endoscopic surgical technique.

Is Hydroureter curable?

Hydronephrosis can lead to kidney infections, and in some cases, complete kidney function loss or death. Kidney function will begin decreasing almost immediately with the onset of hydronephrosis but is reversible if the swelling resolves.

What is a ureterovaginal fistula?

Ureterovaginal fistula. This type of fistula happens when the abnormal opening develops between your vagina and the ducts that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder (ureters).

Do you have to have surgery to close a fistula?

Whatever the cause of your fistula, you may need to have it closed by a surgeon to restore normal function. There are several types of vaginal fistulas: Vesicovaginal fistula. Also called a bladder fistula, this opening occurs between your vagina and urinary bladder and is the type that doctors see most often.

What are the different types of fistula?

Rectovaginal fistula. In this type of fistula, the opening is between your vagina and the lower portion of your large intestine (rectum). Colovaginal fistula. With a colovaginal fistula, the opening occurs between the vagina and colon. Enterovaginal fistula. In this type of fistula, the opening is between the small intestine and the vagina.