Which CSF findings is most consistent with viral meningitis?
The CSF protein was 0.85 g/L and CSF glucose 3.5 mmol/L. This shift from predominantly neutrophilic to lymphocytic pleocytosis was most consistent with viral meningitis, and the child was discharged home.
What are the CSF findings in viral meningitis?
Typical Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Various Types of Meningitis
| Test | Bacterial | Viral |
|---|---|---|
| White blood cell count | ≥1,000 per mm3 | <100 per mm3 |
| Cell differential | Predominance of PMNs* | Predominance of lymphocytes† |
| Protein | Mild to marked elevation | Normal to elevated |
| CSF-to-serum glucose ratio | Normal to marked decrease | Usually normal |
How is viral meningitis different?
To determine whether a person is suffering from viral or bacterial meningitis, doctors will have to perform a lumbar puncture. This involves collecting a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord to find out what is causing the meningitis.
What are rare mononuclear cells in CSF?
The nucleated cells seen in normal adult CSF are predominantly lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages. A rare neutrophil may be seen. An increased number of lymphocytes, monocytes, or neutrophils in CSF is termed pleocytosis. Morphologically normal cells can be seen in abnormal numbers in meningitis and inflammation.
How does one get viral meningitis?
You can get viral meningitis by breathing in viral particles that have been sneezed or coughed into the air by another infected person. You can also become infected by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus, or through contact with faeces (for example, by changing nappies).
Are mononuclear cells normal?
Normal range for CSF is 0-5 mononuclear cells. Increased counts may indicate viral infections (meningoencephalitis, aseptic meningitis), syphilis, neuroborreliosis, tuberculous meningitis, multiple sclerosis, brain abscess and brain tumors.
What is the difference between bacterial and viral meningitis?
Viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis are both characterised by acute onset of fever, headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.19Untreated patients with bacterial meningitis show progressive deterioration in mental status, whereas spontaneous recovery is usual in viral cases.
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningitis?
Herpes simplex virus now ranks second among the causes of viral meningitis in adolescents and adults in developed countries. Herpes simplex virus meningitis is a complication of primary genital herpes, especially with HSV-2.
What is aseptic meningitis?
Aseptic meningitis—A syndrome characterised by acute onset of meningeal symptoms and fever, with pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid and no growth on routine bacterial culture2 Mononuclear pleocytosis—An elevated white cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid, with predominant mononuclear cells (as opposed to polymorphonuclear leucocytes)
What is the most common cause of meningitis?
Enteroviruses are the most common cause at all ages Although most cases are self limiting, morbidity may be considerable Herpes simplex virus causes viral meningitis, which may recur Genital herpes infection may be acquired from a partner after many years within a monogamous relationship Meningitis is a feature of HIV seroconversion
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