Which will show fastest rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution?
Phenol and toluene are nitrated faster than benzene, whose relative rate of reaction is set at 1. Both a hydroxyl group and a methyl group make the aromatic ring more reactive compared to benzene; they are activating groups. On the other hand, chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene react more slowly than benzene.
Which one is more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution?
The compound which is most reactive towards the electrophilic substitution is the Methyl group. Activating groups attached to the benzene ring increase the reactivity of benzene towards electrophilic substitution.
How do you determine the reactivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution?
General order of reactivity towards electrophilic substitution reaction: Aniline > Phenol > Anisole > Acetanilide > Toluene > Chlorobenzene > Fluorobenzene > Benzoic acid > Benzaldehyde > Nitrobenzene.
What affects the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution?
Experiments have shown that substituents on a benzene ring can influence reactivity in a profound manner. For example, a hydroxy or methoxy substituent increases the rate of electrophilic substitution about ten thousand fold, as illustrated by the case of anisole in the virtual demonstration (above).
How does electrophilic aromatic substitution work?
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile.
Which is least reactive in electrophilic substitution?
So, Nitrobenzene molecule is less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Which electrophilic is most reactive?
Therefore, o-hydroxy toluene is most reactive towards electrophilic reagent.
Which is least reactive in electrophilic substitution reaction?
What happens in electrophilic substitution reaction?
Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.
What are the conditions for electrophilic substitution?
In an electrophilic substitution reaction, a pair of π-bonded electrons first attacks an electrophile – usually a carbocation species – and a proton is then abstracted from an adjacent carbon to reestablish the double bond, either in the original position or with isomerization.
Which complex is formed in electrophilic substitution reaction?
sigma complex
The electrophile attacks the aromatic ring, forming a sigma complex or an arenium ion.