Does multiple myeloma affect the gallbladder?
Discussion. Extramedullary disease in plasma cell myeloma is uncommon and demonstrates decreased survival in affected patients [1]. Gallbladder involvement is extremely rare and less than 10 cases are reported to date [2].
What is the pathophysiology of cholecystitis?
In most cases, gallstones blocking the tube leading out of your gallbladder cause cholecystitis. This results in a bile buildup that can cause inflammation. Other causes of cholecystitis include bile duct problems, tumors, serious illness and certain infections.
What are the main leading causes of multiple myeloma?
Multiple Myeloma: Risk Factors
- Age. Myeloma occurs most commonly in people over 60.
- Race. Myeloma occurs twice as frequently in Black people than in white people.
- Exposure to radiation or chemicals.
- Personal history.
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
- Gender.
Does amyloidosis affect the gallbladder?
Amyloidosis can be classified as systemic or localized, and the amyloid deposition generally involves the kidneys, heart, spleen, joints, skin, and digestive tract; it rarely involves the gallbladder (3, 4).
What are the main forms of cholecystitis?
The causes of acute cholecystitis can be grouped into 2 main categories: calculous cholecystitis and acalculous cholecystitis.
What pathological symptom is typical for an cholecystitis during percussion?
The most common presenting symptom of acute cholecystitis is upper abdominal pain. Signs of peritoneal irritation may be present, and in some patients, the pain may radiate to the right shoulder or scapula. Frequently, the pain begins in the epigastric region and then localizes to the right upper quadrant (RUQ).
What virus causes multiple myeloma?
Human herpesvirus-8 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of KS, BCBL, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is accumulating. Human herpesvirus-8 is detectable in the nonmalignant bone marrow dendritic cells from most myeloma patients.
How do you diagnose cholecystitis?
Abdominal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, or a computerized tomography (CT) scan can be used to create pictures of your gallbladder that may reveal signs of cholecystitis or stones in the bile ducts and gallbladder. A scan that shows the movement of bile through your body.
What does cholecystitis pain feel like?
The main symptom of acute cholecystitis is a sudden, sharp pain in the upper right-hand side of your tummy (abdomen). This pain spreads towards your right shoulder. The affected part of the tummy is usually very tender, and breathing deeply can make the pain worse.
What labs are elevated in acute cholecystitis?
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are used to evaluate for the presence of hepatitis and may be elevated in cholecystitis or with common bile duct obstruction. Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase assays are used to evaluate for the presence of common bile duct obstruction.