What is a discharge area?
This is the area where groundwater seeps up to the soil surface or into streams. Waterlogging and salinity are most likely to occur in these areas.
What is the relationship between discharge and velocity?
The discharge of a stream is the product of its velocity (V – length of travel per unit of time such as feet/second) times depth of the water (D – unit of length) times width (W of the water – units of length).
What is the relationship between stream discharge and basin area?
Each stream in a drainage system drains a certain area, called a drainage basin. In a single drainage basin, all water falling in the basin drains into the same stream.
What is the relationship of discharge to the area of the cross section of an irrigation canal?
Referring to the formula Q = V ยด A, it should be clear that for the same discharge and a smaller average flow velocity, the area of the wetted cross-section has to increase. Thus, due to a lower flow velocity, the water depth will increase and the canal will risk overtopping.
What is recharge and discharge areas?
Replenishment of infiltrating groundwater is known as recharge. Discharge of groundwater occurs when water emerges from the ground. In Pennsylvania, most streams gain flow from groundwater.
What does recharge zone mean?
The recharge zone is a 1,250 square mile area where highly faulted and fractured Edwards limestones outcrop at the land surface, allowing large quantities of water to flow into the Aquifer. For this reason, the Edwards is often called a fault-zone aquifer (see section on Faults & Caves for fault map and photos).
What is the relationship between slope and discharge?
Increasing the slope is reducing the sediment to trap but the flow depth over the screen reduces and thus the flow discharge reduces. It was found that at slope of 30%, diverted flow discharge is maximum and at the same time the diverted sediment is minimum. The presence of sediment can reduce 10% the discharge intake.
How is discharge calculated?
Measuring Discharge Discharge is the volume of water moving down a waterway per unit of time. It is most commonly expressed in cubic feet per seconds or gallons per day. To calculate discharge, multiply the area of water in a channel cross section by the average velocity of water in that cross section.
What is drainage pattern in geography?
Drainage Pattern: It refers to the system of flow of surface water mainly through the forms of rivers and basins.
What is the term for the land area drained by all of the streams that empty into a tributary?
A watershed, also called a drainage basin or catchment, is an area drained by a river and its tributaries.
What is the importance of discharge in irrigating crops?
Subsurface drainage systems are as important in many irrigated areas as they are in humid areas. A drainage system is needed on irrigated lands to control the water table and ensure that water will be able to move through a soil, thus keeping salts from accumulating in the root zone and making the soil unproductive.
Is discharge and runoff the same thing?
The data in the reports of the Geological Survey on surface water represent the total fluids measured. Thus, the terms discharge, streamflow, and runoff represent water with the solids dissolved in it and the sediment mixed with it. Of these terms, discharge is the most comprehensive.
Discharge areas can be defined as areas in which the groundwater has a flow component directed away from the groundwater zone, which normally is equivalent with an upward flow component. Actual discharge area: The lesser of the curtain and effective discharge or flow areas.
What is the relationship between discharge and level of stream?
The relationship between the discharge in the stream at a given cross-section and the level of the stream is described by a rating curve. Average velocities and the cross-sectional area of the stream are measured for a given stream level. The velocity and the area give the discharge for that level.
What is effective discharge or flow area?
Effective discharge or flow area: The minimum cross-sectional area between the inlet and the seat, at its narrowest point. The diameter of the flow area is represented by dimension d in Figure 3.4.
How do you find the discharge of a material?
If v is the mean velocity and A is the cross sectional area, the discharge Q is defined by Q = Av which is known as volume flow rate. Discharge is also expressed as mass flow rate and weight flow rate.