What is nitrogen doped graphene?
Nitrogen -doped graphene ( N-graphene ) is obtained by exposing graphene to nitrogen plasma. N-graphene exhibits much higher electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction and H2O2 reduction than graphene , and much higher durability and selectivity than the widely-used expensive Pt for oxygen reduction .
Why is graphene used in biosensors?
Graphene and graphene derivatives have been used to prepare various types of biosensors due to their excellent sensing performance (e.g., high specific surface area, extraordinary electronic properties, electron transport capabilities and ultrahigh flexibility).
Can graphene be doped?
Graphene can be doped with nitrogen, boron and other elements. Chemically doped graphenes have many novel properties. N-doped graphene can be used in photochemical water splitting and in oxygen reduction reaction.
How do you make graphene oxide nanoparticles?
Graphene oxide was synthesized by Hummers method through oxidation of graphite. The stepwise preparation is given as follows: 1. Graphite flakes (2 g) and NaNO3 (2 g) were mixed in 50 mL of H2SO4 (98%) in a 1000 mL volumetric flask kept under at ice bath (0-5°C) with continuous stirring.
What is doped graphene?
Graphene is a high crystalline material possessing the high electronic qualities. Doping of nitrogen in graphene is to tailor/control the electronic, chemical and structural properties of graphene by manipulating it through the means of doping such as its surface area and functional sites.
How is graphene doped?
Mechanisms of doping. Charge carriers, either electrons or holes, can be induced in graphene by the application of an electric field or by chemical doping. This type of doping has been observed for boron, Bs, and nitrogen, Ns, substitutional atoms and leads to p- and n-type conductivity, respectively [15,16].
What are graphene oxide nanoparticles used for?
Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, is currently used in biotechnology and medicine for cancer treatment, drug delivery, and cellular imaging. Also, GO is characterized by various physicochemical properties, including nanoscale size, high surface area, and electrical charge.
What breaks down graphene oxide?
Graphene oxide breaks down in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, in a reaction catalysed by the myeloperoxidase enzyme. The degree of degradation depends on the colloidal stability of the suspension, which indicates that the hydrophilic nature of graphene oxide is a key factor in its breakdown by enzymes.
What is difference between graphene and graphene oxide?
Graphene is a material made of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a repeating pattern of hexagons. Graphene oxide is an oxidized form of graphene, laced with oxygen-containing groups. It is considered easy to process since it is dispersible in water (and other solvents), and it can even be used to make graphene.