What mechanisms of injury are associated with a C2 fracture of the odontoid process?
Odontoid fracture with anterior displacement Odontoid fractures can be caused by both extension and flexion forces. When a flexion/shear force is the cause of an odontoid fracture, there is anterior displacement of C1 on C2, although this may also be seen as sequelae of an extension injury.
What part of the Odontoid dens is likely to be damaged?
In the elderly population, the trauma can occur after lower energy impacts such as falls from a standing position. The most common mechanism of injury is a hyperextension of the cervical spine, pushing the head and C1 vertebrae backward.
What is the significance of odontoid process?
The odontoid process provides a pivot point — called an axis of motion — around which the skull and the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) rotate, twist and/or turn (these are really all the same thing.)
What is the Odontoid view?
Odontoid view shows displacement of the lateral masses of C1, allowing distinction of this fracture from a simple fracture of the posterior neural arch of C1.
How do you fix an Odontoid fracture?
Treatment options for type II odontoid fractures can be nonsurgical or surgical. Nonsurgical measures include immobilization, prevent or restrict movement, in a cervical collar or halo vest. Surgery may be required if the fracture has resulted in neurologic symptoms and/or the spine has become unstable.
What is the most common type of Odontoid fracture?
Type II fractures occur at the base of the dens and are the most common odontoid fractures. This type is associated with a high prevalence of nonunion due to the limited vascular supply and small area of cancellous bone. Type III odontoid fracture occurs when the fracture line extends into the body of the axis.
How common are Odontoid fractures?
Overall, odontoid fractures are the most common fracture of the C2 vertebra and can account for up to 15% of all cervical spine (neck) fractures.
What is the Odontoid Peg?
Description. The odontoid process (also dens or odontoid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the Axis (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra.
How long does it take for a C2 fracture to heal?
Typically, recovery after nonsurgical treatment of C1-C2 takes 8 to 12 weeks.
Where is odontoid process?
The odontoid process (also dens or odontoid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the Axis (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra.
How common are odontoid fractures?
What is an odontoid fracture?
Odontoid Fractures are relatively common fractures of the C2 (axis) dens that can be seen in low energy falls in elderly patients and high energy traumatic injuries in younger patients.
What is an odontoid view of the cervical spine?
Cervical spine (odontoid view) Dr Daniel J Bell ◉ and Andrew Murphy ◉ et al. The odontoid or ‘peg’ projection, also known as the open mouth AP projection (or radiograph), is an AP projection of C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) with the patient’s mouth open.
What is the prognosis of Type III odontoid fracture?
In only 1 patient in the 9- to 16-year-old age group with a type III odontoid fracture was this view deemed useful. The overall mortality rate in this series was 7.8% with all deaths secondary to associated head injury.
How common is cervical spine instability in children?
Go to: Abstract Cervical spine instability in children is rare but not exceptional and may be due to many factors. Although it mostly occurs at the upper cervical spine, all vertebrae from the occiput to T1 may be involved.
Which radiograph is used to diagnose cervical spine injury?
In the 0- to 8-year-old group the initial lateral/anteroposterior radiograph made the diagnosis of cervical spine injury in 13 of 15 patients (87%), and in no patients was the transoral odontoid view used to make the diagnosis of cervical spine injury.